cognitive aspects of communication (e.g., attention, memory, problem-solving, executive functions).Services are provided in the following areas: Speech services begin with initial screening for communication and swallowing disorders and continue with assessment and diagnosis, consultation for the provision of advice regarding management, intervention, and treatment, and providing counseling and other follow-up services for these disorders. SLPs work to assess levels of communication needs, make diagnoses based on the assessments, and then treat the diagnoses or address the needs. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for individuals, families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. The American Academy of Speech Correction was founded in 1925, and became the current American Speech–Language–Hearing Association in 1978. Groups of "speech correctionists" formed in the early 1900s. Three identifiable trends influenced the evolution of SLP in the United States during the late 19th century to early 20th century: the elocution movement, scientific revolution, and the rise of professionalism. The development of SLP into a profession took different paths in the various regions of the world. Instead of surgeries, Thelwall's therapy practices included imitation, education and stimulation depending on individual needs. Other therapists (referred to as elocutionists) like John Thelwall were against the medical model. In his 1817 writings he theorized that stuttering was as a result of a problem of the nerves that control the tongue and larynx. Jean-Marc Itard, one of the known physicians from this era, practiced the medical model. Speech therapy was therefore provided to treat the diseases using a medical framework. In the 18th century, speech problems were viewed as symptoms of disease.
SLPs also play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (often in a team with pediatricians and psychologists). SLPs specialize in the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of communication disorders ( speech and language impairments), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, and swallowing disorders. SLPs also play an important role in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder often in collaboration with pediatricians and psychologists.
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An SLP is a university-trained individual who provides professional services in the areas of communication and swallowing. The field of speech-language pathology is practiced by a clinician known as a speech-language pathologist ( SLP) or a speech and language therapist ( SALT), and sometimes as a speech therapist. Allied health professions include audiology, optometry, occupational therapy, rehabilitation psychology, physical therapy and others. It is an independent profession considered an "allied health profession" or allied health profession by professional bodies like the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and Speech Pathology Australia. Speech-language pathology (SLP) specializes in the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of communication disorders ( speech and language impairments), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, pragmatic disorders, social communication difficulties and swallowing disorder across the lifespan. Speech-language pathology (or speech and language pathology) is a field of healthcare expertise practiced globally.
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